Ray Kurzweil, Google’s director of engineering, says we’re close to linking our brains with AI. Science fiction has a long tradition of pitting artificial intelligence (AI) against humanity in a struggle for dominance.

Ray Kurzweil, noted futurist and inventor, envisions a more cooperative future. He says the human brain will soon merge with computer networks to form a hybrid artificial intelligence. “In the 2030s we’re going to connect directly from the neocortex to the cloud,” said Kurzweil. “When I need a few thousand computers, I can access that wirelessly.”

Creating artificial minds

In his 2012 book, How to Create a Mind, Kurzweil said the neocortex of the human brain contains 300 million pattern processors that are responsible for human thought. These pattern processors could be artificially replicated, he argued, allowing artificial intelligence to surpass human ability.

That wouldn’t make the human brain obsolete, though. By linking our brains to cloud computers, humans could expand the limits of our own computing ability — and eventually, upload our own brains to the cloud. “As you get to the late 2030s or 2040s, our thinking will be predominately non-biological and the non-biological part will ultimately be so intelligent and have such vast capacity it’ll be able to model, simulate and understand fully the biological part,” said Kurzweil. “We will be able to fully back up our brains.”

Kurzweil said human intelligence has already merged with technology, although not to the extent that he predicts. “A kid in Africa with a smartphone has more access to human knowledge than the president of the United States did 15 years ago. I finally figured out how to live forever in a robot body,” he joked.

Fear of artificial intelligence

Kurzweil acknowledged artificial intelligence is a scary prospect. He argued that humans will eventually become comfortable sharing the world with AI.

“It’s helping us diagnose disease and cure disease, alleviate poverty, clean up the environment. I’m optimistic, but that doesn’t mean we should be lulled into a lack of concern,” said Kurzweil.

“I think this concern will die down as we see more and more positive benefits of artificial intelligence and gain more confidence that we can control it.”

Kurzweil also tackled the question of legal rights for artificial intelligences, a popular science fiction motif. To him, the rise of intelligent machines connected to human consciousness will force humanity to rethink the idea of rights. “It wasn’t very long ago that women didn’t have the right to vote,” noted Kurzweil in response to an audience question. “We’ll realize that consciousness, free will does not require a biological substrate.”

A history of bold predictions

Kurzweil has a long history of making bold predictions about the future of technology. Much of his writing has focused on the singularity, the point at which artificial intelligence will surpass human intelligence.

In a 2010 essay, Kurzweil reviewed 147 predictions — essay | “How my predictions are faring”  — he made  in his 1999 book The Age of Spiritual Machines. Of those predictions, Kurzweil determined that 78 percent were “entirely correct” as of the end of 2009, and eight percent were “essentially correct.”

Those predictions included:

• The rise of portable computing.
• The availability of wearable computing.
• The removal of keyboards from portable devices.
• Cables disappearing in favour of wireless technology.
• Computer displays built into eyeglasses, and,
• The distribution of media such as books, music, and movies in an entirely digital form.

An expert in the artificial intelligence field of pattern recognition, Kurzweil is known for inventing software that could scan a document written in any font and turn it into digital text. He was also a pioneer in text-to-speech technology and computerized speech recognition. He has received numerous awards and accolades in the fields of engineering and technology design. Kurzweil joined Google as director of engineering in 2013.